CHAPTER
I
a. The Nature Of Research
Today, many
people are busy doing research. Whether it's the part that is
specifically engaged in the research or the people who do
the research because of the situation. Many definition of research from sources that has the
similar meaning, that the research is investigation sistematically to solving
problems. Include,
· Research, according to The Advanced Learner's
Dictionary of Current English (1961) is a thorough investigation
or search to obtain new facts in this branch of science.
· According to Fellin, Tripodi and Meyer (1969) research is a systematic manner for
the purpose of improving, modifying and developing knowledge
that can be submitted (communicated) and tested (verified) by
the other researchers, Basically research is any process
that produces knowledge.
· According to Clifford Woody research is a search was
conducted carefully to obtain the facts or the facts or new
laws. In it there is effort and planning that truly takes a
relatively long time.
Research is
a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our
understanding of a topic or issue, in another word research is gathering
of information. Research conducted because anything problems that can’t
solving yet. research is also an experiment carefully and critically to discover something
new. The research also functions as the development of science
and technology.
In
conducting research, researchers had to actually apply the
principles and methods of work there. Whitney (1960) says
that in addition to obtaining the truth, investigating the
work must also be done seriously in the long time.
In the research, the researchers had to do
some action steps to get the desired results. The steps are:
1. Identification of research problem
2. Literature review
3. Specifying the purpose of research
4. Determine specific research questions or hypotheses
5. Data collection
6. Analyzing and interpreting the data
7. Reporting and evaluating research
A
research has several characteristics, that is:
1. Purposiveness, that the research focus on clear
objectives;
2. Objectivity, research do by truth and actually;
3. Replicability, The test can be repeated for
the case of the same or similar, by the same method and has a
same result;
4. Sistematic, research should be developed and
implemented in order;
5. Logic, A research is said is true if
acceptable reason and based on empirical facts, the search for
truth must take place according to the procedure;
6. Empirical, teh research usually based on daily
experiences, found or through the test results were then
appointed as a result of research;
Research
is important because we are able to learn more about things, people, and
events. In doing research, we are able to make decisions. Without it we
would not figure how anything works or how anything is made. In each research is
expected to provide benefits for all parties concerned.
Research
has some benefit if we to do it, they are :
1. To the researchers, this study may add
to the knowledge and insight to analyzing problems that
happening.
2. To the reader, this research may provide
information in writing or as a reference.
b. Types Of Research
In
conducting the research, researchers have a variety of methods
and approaches. Types of research classify are various, many
difference between research experts about classify of types of
research. Classifying the types of research is actually just an attempt to
classify the existing research that aims to make it easier for us.
Here are
five classification types of research :
1. Classification Research Based Benefits
Research
Evaluated by its benefits, the
research can be divided into two kinds of research, that
is:
a. Basic Research
Basic research is a search for something
because there attention and curiosity of the outcome of
an activity. The results of this basic research is common
knowledge and the concepts of nature and its laws. General
knowledge is a tool to solve problems of practical, although he
did not provide a thorough answer to each problem.
Felt benefits of this research for
a long time in terms of the usefulness of the research results are
not immediately used, but in the long term will also be used. The
duration of this benefit more because the research is
usually done because the needs of researchers themselves.
The example for basic research, research for
thesis Because basic research more widely used in the academic
environment, the study has the characteristics that is the
use of abstract concepts. basic research results provide a basis
for knowledge and understanding that can be used as a source of methods,
theories and ideas that can be applied to future studies. Because a lot of
basic research aimed at the fulfillment of desires or needs of researchers.
This research can be directed anywhere, without thinking
about the relationship with the events that the community needed.
b. Applied Research
Contrast to basic research, to applied
research, the benefits of the research results can be
immediately felt by many. Applied research is usually conducted to
solve the existing problems so that research results should be can
be applied.
The results of this study are not a
new invention, but it is a new application of existing research. Every scientist working
on applied research that has the desire to quickly research
results can be used by people in various fields. Examples
of this type of research as a form of marketing research. The results of the
study should be able to give an overview to the company about what products are
sold in the market, what products fail in the market, as well as a variety of
solutions that can be used to solve all the problems that exist in the company.
2. Classification Research Based Research
Objectives
Based on this classification, the
research can be divided into three kinds, that is:
a. Research Exploratif
This research was conducted to explore a relatively
new phenomenon. It can be said that there is a phenomenon or
a phenomenon that has not been known or felt.
An example is the research on the discovery
of a new virus. This research typically possess creative,
flexible, and open to a variety of information.
Usually this research produced new theories, that is result
of the development of the existing theories.
The purpose of this research is develop basic
idea about a new topic and provide the basis for further
research.
b. Descriptive Research
Descriptive research aims to describe in
a systematic and accurate facts and characteristics about
the population or about a particular field. Data collected purely descriptive
so don’t intend to look for explanations, hypotesis, make
predictions, and studying the implications.
This research could also be regarded as a
continuation of the research exploratif. Exploratif research has
provided the basic idea that the study revealed in more detail.
The purpose of descriptive research is
to describe the mechanism of a process and produce a pattern
of causality.
c. Explanatif Research
Research was conducted to find an
explanation of why an event or symptoms occur. The end
result of this research is the idea of a causal
relationship.
3. Classification Research Based on Dimensional Time
Based on
the dimensions of time, research can be divided into two kinds of
research, that is:
a. Cross-sectional research
This research is conducted within a specified
time. understanding of the time can’t be confined in a
matter of weeks, months or years. There is no standard to
indicate a limitation of time. However, it used to be that research was
done. Thus, it could be a do research in January, and since there
is an urgent need, in February and March, he returned to
his home. In April, he returned to the field to continue
the data collection.
b. Longitudinal Research
Research is a longitudinal research that
tries to see the changes. Research was conducted intertemporal types. But
that does not mean if there are two research conducted at different times to
the same topic is always categorized into longitudinal research, but there are
key words that must be held, that is the comparison between the results of
research effort. In other words, a longitudinal study has been planned since
the beginning of the study, rather than by chance happen.
4. Classification Research Based on Data
Collection Techniques
a. Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is research that
places more emphasis on the analysis of numerical data (numbers) are processed
with statistical methods. Quantitative methods will be acquired significant
difference or significance of the relationship between the variables
studied. In general, quantitative research is the study of large
samples.
In quantitative research, there are several types of
research again that:
· Survey research, ie research using
questionnaires as a research instrument. The questionnaire is
a sheet that contains multiple questions with a standard structure. In the
conduct of surveys, research conditions are not manipulated by
the researcher, because the answer choices is really comes
from the study.
· Experimental research, research can be
done in the open and a closed room. In experimental research, existing
conditions manipulated by the researchers according to research purposes.
· Content analysis; research is done not to the people
but rather the symbols, images, movies, and so on. In the
analyzed material, such as newspapers, counted how
many posts about a certain topic come up, and then calculated
with the help of statistics.
b. Qualitative Research
Qualitative research is research
that emphasizes its analysis of the process of deductive
and inductive inference and the analysis of the dynamics
of the relationship between the observed phenomena, using scientific logic. not
mean that qualitative research did not use quantitative data
support, but the emphasis is not on the test hepotesis but
on an attempt to answer the research question through formal ways of
thinking and argumentative. Many rsesarch is a qualitative research a
small sample.
In the qualitative research also found that other types
of research, that is:
1. The field research; research
could begin with the formulation of the problem is not too raw. The
instruments used are also only contains guidelines for the
interview. Guidelines discourse analysis and comparative research of
history.
2. Analysis of discourse, this research is similar to content
analysis, it's just not the display frequency of appearance of specific
topics selected in the specified material.
3. Comparative history, the study aims to collect data and describe
aspects of social life that occurred in the past.
5. Classification Research Based Implementation place
Classification according to the
research place their implementation, can be divided into
three kinds, that is :
1. Laboratories Research
This type of research carried out in
a special place to conduct scientific studies and scientific
work. Laboratory research purposes for social science is
to collect data, conduct analyzes, conducting tests, and
providing interpretation of some data, so that people can predict the
motion of the tendency of social phenomena within a particular
society.
2. Field Research
Fieldwork was carried out in real
life. For example, research on the lives of the teachers,
the problem of rural religiosity, the research of children of
drug addicts, and others. Field research is essentially a method to discover specifically and
realistically what is happening at any point in the community. Thus, conducting
research on some of the actual problem that is now raging and express
themselves in the form of symptoms or social process.
3. Library Research
Library research aims to collect data and
information with the help of a variety of materials contained in the library,
for example in the form; books, magazines, manuscripts, records, historical
records, documents, and others. Substantially, the data obtained by research
library will serve as the basic foundation and a major tool for research in the
middle of the practice field.
CHAPTER
II
CONCLUSION
Research is
a scientific work that must be done in a systematic and
orderly manner, both the procedure and the process
of thinking about the material. Research is important because we are
able to learn more about things, people, and events. In doing research, we are
able to make decisions. Without it we would not figure how anything works
or how anything is made.
Research has
several benefits, one of which add insight and knowledge for
researchers in solving the problem that is still a question
in any field. Research also has some steps that must
be done in sequence and researchers regularly to get the
end result is really valid.
In
conducting research, researchers can use several methods
and approaches, which must be conducted in accordance with established
procedures.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://id.shvoong.com/social-sciences/education/2026131-pengertian-penelitian-definition-research/#ixzz2NJzEpFHS
Creswell, John W. (1994). Research Desaign:
Qualitative and Quantitative Aproaches. California: Sage Publications, Inc.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research
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